Spotting Real Vs Fake Turquoise Stones, Crystals, And Jewelry
Hey guys! Turquoise, with its captivating blue shades, rich history, and spiritual significance, is undoubtedly a sought-after gemstone. If you're venturing into the world of turquoise jewelry, it's crucial to know how to distinguish the real deal from imitations. This guide will equip you with the knowledge to confidently identify authentic turquoise stones, crystals, and jewelry. Let's dive in!
Understanding Turquoise: The Real Deal
Before we get into spotting fakes, let's quickly touch on what real turquoise actually is. Turquoise is a hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum, meaning it's formed through a complex chemical reaction involving these elements and water. This process typically occurs in arid regions, where groundwater seeps through rocks containing these minerals. Over long periods, the water slowly dissolves the minerals, and when it evaporates, it leaves behind deposits of turquoise.
The unique blue to green color of turquoise comes from the presence of copper, while aluminum contributes to its hardness and stability. Iron can also be present, lending the stone a greenish tint. Genuine turquoise can range in color from a vibrant sky blue to a more muted green, and often features intricate matrix patterns – those beautiful veins and inclusions that make each stone unique. These matrix patterns are formed by the host rock in which the turquoise develops, and they are a hallmark of natural turquoise. So, when you're looking at a piece of turquoise, remember that the color variations and matrix patterns are your friends; they're often a sign of authenticity.
When it comes to the value of turquoise, several factors come into play. The color is a big one – a deep, even blue is generally considered more valuable than a paler or greenish hue. The intensity and distribution of the matrix also affect the price, with some collectors valuing intricate, spiderweb-like patterns more highly. The size of the stone is, of course, another factor, with larger pieces typically commanding higher prices. And then there's the origin of the turquoise. Certain mines, like those in the American Southwest and Persia (now Iran), have historically produced high-quality turquoise, and stones from these locations can fetch a premium. Keep these factors in mind as we move on to identifying fakes, because understanding what makes real turquoise valuable will help you spot inconsistencies in imitations.
Key Indicators of Authentic Turquoise
Okay, let's get down to the nitty-gritty of identifying genuine turquoise. There are several telltale signs that can help you distinguish real from fake. One of the most reliable indicators is the stone's color and matrix. As we discussed, natural turquoise boasts a range of blues and greens, often with a matrix pattern. The color should be consistent throughout the stone, and the matrix should appear natural and not artificially applied. Be wary of stones with a perfectly uniform, bright blue color and no matrix, as this is a common sign of imitation. While some high-quality turquoise can have a more uniform color, it's relatively rare, and you should always examine it closely.
Another important factor is the stone's hardness. Turquoise has a Mohs hardness of 5-6, which means it's relatively soft compared to other gemstones like diamonds or sapphires. You can perform a scratch test, but do so with caution and only on an inconspicuous area of the stone. A real turquoise stone should not scratch easily with a steel knife or a glass shard. However, keep in mind that this test can damage the stone, so it's best to avoid it if possible. A more gentle test is to rub the stone against a smooth, hard surface like a porcelain tile. Real turquoise will leave a faint streak, while many imitations will leave a more noticeable mark or no mark at all.
The texture and luster of turquoise can also provide clues. Genuine turquoise has a waxy or slightly dull luster, whereas imitations often have a glassy or plastic-like sheen. The surface of real turquoise may also exhibit minor imperfections and variations, which are signs of its natural formation. Fake turquoise, on the other hand, often has a perfectly smooth and flawless surface. Holding the stone and feeling its weight can also be helpful. Real turquoise is relatively dense, so it should feel substantial for its size. Lightweight stones are often made of plastic or other synthetic materials.
Common Turquoise Imitations and How to Spot Them
Now, let's talk about the common types of turquoise imitations you might encounter and how to recognize them. One of the most prevalent is dyed howlite. Howlite is a white mineral that can be easily dyed to mimic the color of turquoise. Dyed howlite often has a very uniform blue color and a dark, spiderweb-like matrix pattern that looks unnatural. If you examine it closely, you may notice that the dye has concentrated in the cracks and crevices of the stone. Another common imitation is magnesite, which is also a white mineral that can be dyed. Magnesite is typically softer than turquoise, so it's more susceptible to scratches.
Another type of imitation is reconstructed turquoise, which is made from fragments of real turquoise that are ground up and mixed with a resin or plastic binder. Reconstructed turquoise can look quite convincing at first glance, but it often has a grainy or speckled appearance when viewed closely. The color may also be uneven, and the stone may feel lighter than natural turquoise. Stabilized turquoise is another category to be aware of. Stabilization is a process where turquoise is impregnated with a resin to improve its hardness and durability. While stabilization is a legitimate treatment for turquoise, it can sometimes mask the true quality of the stone. Heavily stabilized turquoise may have a plastic-like appearance and may not exhibit the same natural variations as untreated turquoise.
Plastic and glass are also commonly used to imitate turquoise. These materials are typically much lighter than real turquoise and have a very glossy appearance. Plastic imitations may also have visible seams or molding marks. Glass imitations can sometimes be identified by their brittleness; they may chip or break more easily than natural turquoise. When in doubt, it's always best to consult with a reputable jeweler or gemologist who can help you assess the authenticity of a turquoise stone.
Practical Tests to Identify Fake Turquoise
Alright, guys, let's get into some practical tests you can use to identify fake turquoise. Remember, it's always a good idea to start with the least invasive tests first to avoid damaging the stone. One simple test is the acetone test. This involves dabbing a cotton swab with acetone (nail polish remover) and gently rubbing it on an inconspicuous area of the stone. If the dye comes off on the cotton swab, it's a clear sign that the turquoise is dyed howlite or magnesite. However, keep in mind that this test can also damage some treated turquoise, so use it sparingly.
Another test, which we mentioned earlier, is the scratch test. Use a steel knife or a glass shard to try to scratch the stone on an inconspicuous area. Real turquoise should be relatively resistant to scratching, while many imitations will scratch easily. However, be very cautious with this test, as it can leave a permanent mark on the stone. A variation of the scratch test is the pin test. Gently heat a pin with a lighter and then press it against the stone. Plastic imitations will often melt or emit a burning plastic smell, while real turquoise will be unaffected. Again, exercise extreme caution with this test, as it can damage the stone.
The heat test is another method you can use, but it's best left to professionals. It involves heating the stone with a specialized tool and observing its reaction. Plastic imitations will melt, while dyed stones may change color. Real turquoise will typically withstand moderate heat without any significant changes. The water test is a less common but potentially useful method. Place the stone in a bowl of warm water for a few minutes. Dyed stones may leach color into the water, while real turquoise will not. However, this test can damage some treated turquoise, so it's best to avoid it if you're not sure about the stone's origin and treatment.
Tips for Buying Authentic Turquoise Jewelry
So, you're ready to buy some authentic turquoise jewelry? Here are a few tips to help you make a smart purchase. First and foremost, buy from reputable sources. Deal with jewelers and dealers who have a solid reputation and are knowledgeable about turquoise. Don't be afraid to ask questions about the stone's origin, treatment, and authenticity. A reputable seller should be able to provide you with clear and honest answers. Look for jewelers who are members of professional organizations, as this often indicates a commitment to ethical business practices.
Examine the jewelry carefully before you buy it. Use the techniques we've discussed to assess the color, matrix, hardness, and texture of the turquoise. Don't rely solely on photos online; try to see the jewelry in person if possible. Use a jeweler's loupe to examine the stone closely for any signs of imitation or treatment. Pay attention to the setting of the jewelry as well. A well-made setting can be a sign of quality craftsmanship, while a poorly made setting may indicate that the seller is cutting corners.
Be wary of deals that seem too good to be true. High-quality turquoise is a valuable gemstone, and it's unlikely to be sold at rock-bottom prices. If a deal seems suspiciously cheap, it's probably a sign that the turquoise is either fake or of very low quality. Ask for a certificate of authenticity if you're making a significant purchase. Some jewelers can provide a certificate from a gemological laboratory that verifies the authenticity and quality of the turquoise. Finally, trust your instincts. If something feels off about a piece of turquoise or the seller, it's best to walk away. With a little knowledge and caution, you can confidently find and purchase beautiful, authentic turquoise jewelry that you'll treasure for years to come.
Caring for Your Turquoise Jewelry
Once you've acquired your beautiful piece of genuine turquoise jewelry, it's essential to take proper care of it to ensure it lasts a lifetime. Turquoise is a relatively soft gemstone, so it's susceptible to scratches and damage. Avoid wearing your turquoise jewelry while doing strenuous activities, such as gardening or cleaning, and remove it before showering or swimming. The chemicals in soaps, detergents, and chlorine can damage the stone's surface and alter its color.
Store your turquoise jewelry separately from other jewelry to prevent scratches. A soft pouch or a lined jewelry box is ideal. Avoid storing turquoise in direct sunlight or in areas with high humidity, as this can cause the stone to fade or discolor. Clean your turquoise jewelry gently with a soft cloth and mild soapy water. Avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners, as they can damage the stone. You can also use a specialized jewelry cleaner that is formulated for delicate gemstones. After cleaning, rinse the jewelry thoroughly with water and pat it dry with a soft cloth.
Turquoise is a porous stone, meaning it can absorb oils and lotions. To prevent buildup and discoloration, avoid applying lotions, perfumes, or hairsprays while wearing your turquoise jewelry. If your turquoise jewelry becomes dull or dirty, you can take it to a professional jeweler for cleaning and polishing. A jeweler can also assess the stone for any damage and provide recommendations for repair or restoration. With proper care, your turquoise jewelry will retain its beauty and value for generations to come. So, treat your turquoise with love, and it will reward you with its stunning beauty and timeless appeal.
By following these tips and tricks, you'll be well-equipped to differentiate between real and fake turquoise. Happy jewelry hunting, folks!
